Backcross - a technique in breeding cannabis which involves crossing a hybrid cultivar with one of its parents, in order to achieve an offspring with genetics closer to that of the parent.

Badder - a consistency of rosin that looks similar to cake batter before it's been baked. It's a thick, non-runny texture that's at the opposite end of the spectrum as rosin jam or diamonds and sauce. 

Banger - small bucket-shaped quartz or glass piece that's heated for taking dabs. One of the main components of a dab rig. 

Bat Guano - commonly used as an organic fertilizer in soil grows, bat guano is simply bat waste that's especially high in nitrogen. Bat guano helps cannabis plants grown in organic soil get the high levels of nitrogen needed for a vigorous period of vegetative growth. 

BHO - short for Butane Hash Oil, a cannabis concentrate extracted chemically with the use of butane as a solvent.

Biomass - cannabis plant material used as a source for solventless extracts. 

Blasting - a process involving solvents to produce cannabis concentrates, in which a solvent (usually butane) is forced through cannabis material in order to isolate cannabinoids and terpenes from the rest of the plant material. 

Blowout - when the seams of a rosin bag burst open during extraction, allowing source material to mix with rosin and contaminating the product. Excessive pressure, overpacking rosin bags, and rapid increases in pressure at the start of the press can all contribute to blowouts. The Press Club rosin bags come with a Zero Blowout Guarantee. Learn more here. 

Blunt - a cannabis cigar. Blunts are rolled with tobacco leaf wraps of various kinds and typically contain more cannabis flower than would be in a regular joint. 

Blurple LED - LED grow lights that produce light mainly on the blue and red ranges of the color spectrum. The light often appears bluish purple hence the name blurple. Blurple lights are DIP LED-style lights. 

Bong - one of the most well-known ways to consume cannabis, a bong is an apparatus that holds water in a chamber and allows for hot cannabis smoke to pass through the water before being inhaled into the lungs. 

Borosilicate Glass (Boro) - a type of glass with silica and boron trioxide as the main constituents, which makes it more resistant to thermal shock than any other common glass. Borosilicate glass is the best choice for bongs and dab rigs. 

Bottle Tech Method - technique in pressing rosin where the rosin bag is loaded vertically between the rosin plates rather than the traditional flat method of squishing cannabis material. This method offers the benefit of greater consistency and control of Platen PSI. Learn how to press rosin with Bottle Tech here.

Bubble Bags - a set of bags usually made of nylon that act as a screen filtration system used for making ice water bubble hash. Multiple bubble bags are stacked into each other, each containing a unique screen bottom. The fineness of each screen, measured in microns, captures specific sizes of cannabis material. Varying grades of hash will be present on the screens as each bubble bag is pulled from the ice water, depending on the quality of the source material and the micron of the bag. Get bubble bags here.

Bubble Hash - hash of such high quality that it "bubbles" when heated for consumption. Bubble hash is created with the Ice Water Extraction method. Learn how to wash bubble hash here.

Bucket Stacking System - a system of using the tops of 5-gallon buckets to hold bubble hash wash bags, then stacking these buckets on top of each other. Learn more in our article How To Make a Bucket Stacking System for Washing Hash here.

Budder - describes a common consistency for rosin, the opposite of a shatter-type consistency. Budder also refers to a certain cannabis concentrate that's created using butane for extraction. 

Budtender - a dispensary employee who helps customers choose the best cannabis product for their needs. 

Caged Rosin Plates - rosin plates that are joined together by 4 pillars, one at each corner. The pillars are spring-loaded so that the rosin plates remain separated from one another in the resting position. This caged feature aids in plate alignment during extraction. Learn more about caged vs non caged rosin plates here.

Cannabinoids - compounds created within the cannabis plant which are found in highest concentration on the flowers (inside trichome heads). These compounds, THC being the most well-known, interact with a system of receptors inside the human body, unlocking the therapeutic benefits of cannabis. 

Cannabudder - butter that's been infused with cannabis. After the cannabis is decarboxylated, it's mixed with butter over low heat and left to very lightly simmer until the infusion is complete, generally around 175 degrees Fahrenheit for a couple of hours. 

Canopy Control - refers to the way a grower trains and manages the top portion of the cannabis plant, or canopy, in a way that all main flowers have equal and even exposure to light. Lollipopping and pruning along with LST are the main tactics used for canopy control.

Carb Cap - a dabbing accessory that's used to cover the banger once you drop the dab in, so that air flow is better controlled for a more effective dab. 

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - a colorless gas that's a common solvent used in extracting cannabis concentrates. This gas

Carbon Filter - air filters that absorb molecules from the air in order to effectively manage the odor from an indoor cannabis garden. 

Caryophyllene - a terpene that gives a broad sensory experience and includes a spicy, pungent, and musky odor when you crack open a dried cannabis flower. It’s common in many herbs and spices like black pepper, basil, and oregano, and cinnamon and cloves. It’s also present in hops.

CBD - a cannabinoid known for its therapeutic effects that does not induce a high or euphoria like THC. CBD is produced naturally within the cannabis plant, and is in highest concentrations in female flowers, just like THC. 

Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH) Light - a subset of metal halide lights, which provide a nearly full spectrum of white light for cannabis plants that can be used during the full lifecycle. 

Ceramic Nail - a dab nail made out of ceramic, which takes longer to heat but has better heat retention than quartz nails or bangers. 

Certificate of Analysis (COA) - report generated by a testing lab that details the cannabinoid and terpene content of cannabis, and also screens for contamination like mold. 

Charas - the original cannabis concentrate, charas is the term for finger hash, or resin glands collected right from the hands after handling raw cannabis flowers. 

Cheesecloth - loose-woven cotton cloth that is commonly used to filter out cannabis particles from oil, butter, or other infused ingredients that contains cannabis. 

Chips on Board (COB) - refers to the grouping of diodes on a circuit board that's powered as a single unit in LED lighting for growing cannabis. 

Chlorine - a common contaminant in tap water that should be filtered out using a reverse osmosis system, or other filtration system. Leaving tap water standing for 24 hours will also allow chlorine to evaporate away. 

Chlorophyll - a green pigment in plants that's responsible for absorbing light to provide energy needed for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is considered a contaminant in rosin and gives dabs (and even smoked flower) a harsh taste. Chlorophyll naturally degrades over time while curing cannabis flowers, however with fresh frozen material for hash, it can often contaminate the bubble hash if the washing and agitating of the material is too aggressive. 

Chloroplasts - organelles inside of plants, including cannabis, that contain chlorophyll and conduct photosynthesis. If chloroplasts are ruptured due to ice nucleation in fresh frozen cannabis material, chlorophyll can more readily leak into the hash and cause contamination. 

Chottle Tech - method of pressing rosin using a rosin filter bag without a top or bottom. The bag is like an open-ended tube containing only one seam along the side, and they're loaded between the plates vertically, similar to Bottle Tech. These bags are referred to as filter tubes and have the advantage of containing less seams (which often collect rosin). 

Clone (Cutting) - an exact genetic copy taken by removing a branch or tissue sample from a living cannabis plant and inducing a new root zone to grow. Taking cuttings allows growers to use the same set of genetics as the parent plant, which has been identified after pheno-hunting. Learn more about pheno-hunting here. 

Closed-loop Extraction - a system of extraction in which solvents are applied to cannabis inside of a closed chamber, then recovered by a vacuum pump and recycled back into the solvent tank for reuse.

Coco Coir - a byproduct of coconut fiber, coco coir can be an effective grow medium for cultivating cannabis, allowing for great aeration and drainage. Since coco coir contains no nutrients itself, all nutrients need to be fed to the plants. 

Cola - the cannabis flowers that stack up together on top of the main stem of the female cannabis plants, forming one massive flower. 

Cold Cure - method of curing rosin without the addition of heat in order to achieve a desired consistency. Cold curing generally takes place in small jars at room temperature or below, and can include stirring/agitating the rosin to recombine terpenes that naturally separate during the cure. Learn more about cold curing rosin here.

Cold Plate - a flat plate or surface, usually aluminum, which is stored in the freezer and used immediately after extraction as a working surface for removing fresh rosin from parchment paper. The cold plate quickly reduces the temperature of the rosin making it easier to collect from the parchment paper. Get your cold plate here.

Cold Start Dab - also known as a “reverse dab”, these involve dropping the dab inside the banger, then heating the banger with a torch, as opposed to heating the banger first before dropping the concentrate inside. 

Combustion - the process of burning something. Combustion is one way to consume cannabis, while vaporizing is another popular way. 

Compost Tea - a nutrient-rich brew that's concocted of various organic material and "brewed" together for a concentrated dose of nutrients used in organic soil grows. 

Concentrates - another term for a cannabis extract. The best cannabis concentrates are solventless. 

Consistency - the texture, firmness, density, and overall look and feel of an extract. Examples of consistency include badder, jam, diamonds and sauce, taffy, etc.. 

Crash Out - term used to describe nucleation of THC within rosin. When THC nucleates, it's said to "crash out" and form crystal structures within the rosin. These crystal-like structures are also referred to as diamonds. 

Cultivar (Strain) - a specific plant variety produced through selective breeding, also referred to in cannabis as a "strain". Sour Diesel and Chem Dawg are two examples of famous cultivars. See the list of best strains for pressing rosin here.

Curing - the process of letting cannabis age. Curing enhances cannabis flowers by allowing for a long, slow decomposition of the chlorophyll and starches which negatively impact the flavor of cannabis flowers. Curing brings out the best in cannabis. Additionally, curing rosin can lead to incredible changes in texture and consistency. Read more about curing rosin here.

Cuticle - the thin protective layer of cells that surrounds the trichome head, containing all the therapeutic compounds produced by cannabis. The quality of the cuticle is one of the factors that makes some strains of cannabis wash better for bubble hash than others. Read more here.

Dabber - a tool used for handling cannabis concentrates like rosin and bubble hash. They're long, thin tools often made of borosilicate glass or metal that's ideal for dosing and handling the sticky concentrates. There are different shapes to handle different types of concentrates.  

Dab Nail - the component of a dab rig that's heated in order to vaporize rosin and take dabs. Dab nails can be quartz, ceramic, or glass. 

Dabs - globs of cannabis rosin, dropped onto a hot nail or banger to be vaporized and inhaled. Dabs are taken on dab rigs which range from basic bongs to intricate glass pieces. 

Dab Mat - a mat (often silicone-coated) placed underneath a dab rig to catch any dripping cannabis concentrate that may drip from the nail during use. 

Dab Rig - the piece of equipment with which one takes dabs! Dab rigs are composed of a glass piece, nail, dabber, torch, and carb cap. 

Dab Tool - a long, pointy metal or glass tool used to pickup dabs of rosin to drop on a heated nail for inhalation. 

Decarboxylation - the heating of cannabis to induce a chemical reaction that transforms molecules from their acidic, non-psychoactive form into a form that gives us desirable, therapeutic effects. Decarboxylation occurs at around 220 degrees Fahrenheit after about 30-40 mins. Cannabis will naturally decarboxylate over time, and also during combustion with smoked cannabis. 

Deep Water Culture (DWC) - a hydroponics system in which roots are submerged in a tub of water and receive all their nutrients through the aerated nutrient-rich water. 

Defoliation - a method of aggressively pruning excess fan leaves and small branches from a cannabis plant in it's vegetative growth stage. This allows for more light to pass through into lower flower regions of the plant, increases air circulation around the plant, helps maximize space in the garden, and provides some stress to the plant to stimulate more vigorous growth. Too much defoliation can stunt a plant's growth, so the right amount of pruning is key. 

Delta-8 THC - a cannabinoid that's closely related to the famous Delta-9 THC, but that doesn't cause peak levels of euphoria or the drastic head change of its psychoactive relative. Delta-8 THC is only produced naturally in minuscule amounts, so it's synthesized from CBD using solvents, and then used within a variety of cannabis products. 

De-waxing - a process of cleaning up a cannabis concentrate to remove plant waxes and lipids in the product, usually using butane. De-waxing can take place in a closed loop system and is an alternative to the process of winterization. 

Diamonds and Sauce - a unique and exquisite form of solventless concentrate that includes two different consistencies of rosin. Diamonds are solid, crystal-like formations of highly-potent THC concentrations that glimmer in a so-called sauce, or the form of concentrate that naturally stays runny due to its high terpene content. 

Diffuser - an optional component of a dab rig that increases bubbles and airflow as the cannabis smoke or vapor passes through water in the chamber. 

Diode - the individual tiny sources of light on LED quantum boards. Diodes are two-terminal electronic components that conduct electricity primarily in one direction. 

Directional Flow Method - a technique that helps direct and optimize the flow of rosin during extraction. The method involves folding parchment paper in a specific way that creates a direct path for rosin to quickly flow through the filter bag, away from the heated plates, and onto parchment for collection. Learn how to fold the Directional Flow Method here.

Distillate - a form of cannabis concentrate that includes only a specific cannabinoid (normally THC) stripped away from all other plant lipids, waxes, cannabinoids, and terpenes. Distillate is created using solvents, generally BHO, followed by winterization and decarboxylation processes. 

Dolomite Lime - a natural source of calcium and magnesium for cannabis plants, dolomite lime can be added to the soil to provide these important micronutrients. Dolomite lime also acts as a pH buffer, helping to keep soil pH levels in check. When using already nutrient-rich soil to start, dolomite lime is generally not required to provide the plant with what it needs. Trace amounts of micronutrients can also be found in tap water. 

Dome - an element of the dab rig, a dome is a glass piece that fits over the nail to help capture the vapor after the dab is placed on the heated nail. 

Domeless Nail - refers to using a nail for dabs without placing a glass dome on top to help capture vapor. 

Dosage - the size or frequency of a dose of cannabis. Dosage is an indicator of how much cannabis is consumed. The optimal cannabis dosage is different for different people, and some experimentation is needed. 

Double Bag - method of using two rosin bags during extraction, normally with a smaller micron on the inside and larger micron bag on the outside. This provides extra support and structure during extraction and is especially useful for pressing hash rosin. Learn more about double bagging here. 

Downstem - the component of a glass dab rig that holds the nail or banger and connects it to the chamber. 

Driver - designed to provide LED grow lights with the electricity they need to function efficiently, drivers convert high voltage and alternating electrical current to low voltage and direct current. Every LED light source requires a driver, and for cannabis grow lights, drivers are often mounted on the back of the quantum board fixture. 

Dry Ice - used by some extractors to expedite the process of Dry Sift Hash production, however we don't recommend this approach. Dry Ice can cause excessive plant contaminants to end up in the hash. While it can help increase yield and speed of processing, it often reduces quality of the final product. 

Dry Sieving - another term to describe the method of mechanically separating trichome heads from plant material using filter screens. In contrast to the Ice Water Extraction method of filtering trichomes, dry sieving is done without the use of water. 

Dry Sift - also known as kief, dry sift is cannabis concentrate that's made by agitating cannabis flowers over a screen filter. Trichome heads fall through the screen filter and are collected below, known as the dry sift. Dry sift is a source material for rosin production. 

Dual In-line Package (DIP) - the first generation of LED grow lights for cannabis, DIP lights include tiny lights spread evenly within the fixture. Each mini light is encased within hard plastic and has two straight, parallel connecting pins. 

Dump - a cannabis cultivar is said to "dump" when it produces copious amounts of capitate-stalked trichomes that release easily during the ice water extraction method of producing bubble hash. The best cannabis strains to use for hash production are known dumpers. Check out our article about which cannabis strains are known to dump. . 

Edibles - food, snacks, or drinks that have been infused with cannabis. Edibles are a great way to medicate without inhaling smoke or vapor into the lungs. Cannabis that's taken in edible form provides a noticeably different kind of sensation and is normally longer-lasting than dabs. You can use your rosin to make edibles. Read more here.

Eighth - one eighth of an ounce, which is a basic unit of measurement for cannabis. Equal to a weight of 3.5 grams. 

Electric Rosin Press - a type of rosin press that uses electricity to generate the pressure required for extraction. 

E-nail - an optional add-on component for a dab rig, e-nails replace a torch with an electronic heating element that brings the nail to the right temperatures needed to dab rosin. 

Entourage Effect - refers to the synergistic effect of a wide array of cannabinoids and terpenes being consumed together. Cannabis flowers contain numerous cannabinoids and terpenes, which have an aggregate effect that's more powerful and therapeutic than any one of the substances themselves would provide alone. 

Ethanol - a simple alcohol, an organic chemical compound used as a solvent in cannabis extraction. Ethanol is safer to handle than butane and more efficient than C02 in extraction. 

Evaporation - the process of turning from liquid into vapor. Terpenes are volatile compounds that can easily begin to evaporate from the trichome heads of live cannabis flowers at temperatures above 85 degrees Fahrenheit, so temperature control in the garden is key. Minimizing the evaporation of terpenes in flowers, bubble hash, and rosin is the goal (until you're ready to dab it).

Exhaust Fans - fan used inside of a grow room to pull air from inside the garden to the outside of the grow space, usually through a carbon filter. Exhaust fans help to manage temperature, humidity, and air flow in the garden. 

Explant - samples of tissue taken from a mother plant and used to generate new plants in the Tissue Culture Propagation method. 

Extraction - the process of isolating and aggregating the contents of trichome heads to create a concentrated version of cannabis. Extractions have traditionally relied on solvents, but solventless methods like ice water extraction and pressing rosin are ideal. 

Extraction Artist - someone who isolates and separates the therapeutic compounds created naturally by the cannabis plant, preferably without the use of solvents, in a way that lets consumers enjoy cannabis in a refined and concentrated form. 

Fats - a category of lipids, plant fats are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents. They're solid or semi solid at room temperature. Fatty acids can be reduced in rosin by using rosin filter bags during extraction. 

Fabric Pots - grow pots made of fabric instead of traditional rigid plastic. Fabric pots are known to increase yields through better absorption of water and nutrients into the roots, optimal drainage, and air pruning (keeps roots from spinning around the inside of a rigid pot). 

Fan Leaves - the largest leaves on a cannabis plant that provide much-needed energy during growth but don't contain noteworthy amounts of cannabinoids or terpenes. Fan leaves generally are generally discarded after harvest. 

Feminized Seeds - cannabis seeds that contain only female genetics, and therefore are guaranteed to create a flowering female plant. Feminized seeds reduce the need to pull males from your garden before they pollinate the females. 

FEP Sheets - clear, non-stick and terpene proof sheets of material used for rosin storage. Get pre-cut sheets for rosin here.

Fiskars - one of the most popular brands of trimming shears, used to process cannabis plants after harvesting. A quality set of trimming shears makes the process of removing trim leaves easier and more enjoyable than using dull or low quality tools. 

Flash Freezing - process of freezing cannabis material in just a few short hours using a cryogenic freezer. Cryogenic freezers are high-end pieces of equipment used in laboratory settings and are ideal for preparing fresh frozen cannabis material immediately after harvest. 

Flavonoids - a class of metabolytes found in many plants, including almost all fruits and vegetables, that are responsible for both vivid colors and potential health benefits. Flavonoids are found in cannabis and contribute to the therapeutic value of the plant. Anthocyanins are a type of flavonoid. 

Fresh Frozen Whole Plant (FFWP) - a great source of starting material for washing bubble hash. Fresh frozen implies that the material was frozen immediately after harvest, preserving the qualities the plant exhibited while it was alive. 

Flower Rosin - rosin that's extracted from dried and cured cannabis flowers. 

Flowering Time - the amount of time that a female cannabis plant needs to develop fully mature flowers with ripe trichome heads at the optimum maturity for harvest. A female cannabis plant starts flowering once exposed to a ligh cycle that includes 12 hours of darkness followed by 12 hours of light. Flowering times are different for various cultivars and normally fall in the 8-10 week range. 

Fluorescent Light (CFL) - also called "compact fluorescent lamp" or CFL are energy-saving light and compact fluorescent tube designed to replace an incandescent light bulb. Generally not ideal for cultivating cannabis, especially not in the flowering phase. 

Flushing - the practice of using clean water to thoroughly rinse out a cannabis plant's growing medium a couple weeks before harvest. Thought to clear out excess nutrients, the effectiveness of flushing needs more scientific research. 

Freeze Dryer - a piece of equipment that quickly dries freshly extracted ice water hash by way of a deep freeze followed by vacuum removal of moisture. Deep freezers are used to dry the highest quality bubble hash and are less harmful to trichome heads than the microplaning drying method. Learn more about how to dry bubble hash here.

Freezer Burn - condition in which ice crystals form on cannabis material at temperatures below freezing. This takes place in the presence of oxygen, and vacuum sealing can prevent this from occurring. 

Fresh Frozen - cannabis material that's frozen immediately after harvest. Fresh frozen cannabis maintains most of the qualities of the live plant, with higher levels of terpene preservation than cannabis that's been dried and cured. Fresh frozen material captures the essence of the plant in its raw form and is often used as starting material for ice water hash extraction (bubble hash). 

Full Melt Hash - the highest grade of hash conceivable, Full Melt Hash evaporates fully when heated and leaves no residue behind. Find out how hash is rated here.

Full Spectrum - a term describing cannabis products that include the full array of therapeutic compounds produced by the plant (i.e. multiple cannabinoids and terpenes). Full spectrum products stand in contrast to isolates which are made to include only one specific compound, such as THC.

Full Term Dried Cured (FTDC) - Refers to cannabis material that's hung to dry and then fully cured after harvest. FTDC cannabis can be smoked or used in rosin and/or bubble hash production. FTDC is opposite of the Fresh Frozen preparation and is typically a bit darker in color, as ripening in the trichomes continues during the drying process. 

Gelatin - a food ingredient that’s normally derived from collagen sourced from animal body parts. Gelatin is colorless and flavorless and provides the main base for a gummy’s jelly-like texture. 

Germination - the formation of a seedling from a seed, germination occurs as a cannabis seed pops open and the first shoot emerges. 

Grade 2 Titanium - a type of titanium that's the safest choice for use in dab nails.  

Grinder - a hand-held tool used to grind apart cannabis flowers so it can be packed into a bowl or bong, or rolled into a joint or blunt. 

Grommets - reinforced holes through the upper edge of bubble hash wash bags, which can be used for suspending the bags with a rope or cable while water is draining through the filter screens. The Press Club Bubble Hash Wash Bags include grommets to make the job of 

washing hash easier for the extractor. 

Ground Joint - a type of seal on a glass dab rig that's formed through the joining of a male inner piece and a female outer piece that allows vapor to funnel into the dab rig.  

Grow Tent - convenient indoor setups for a home cannabis garden, grow tents are inexpensive, easy to set up, and provide a strong frame from which to hang lights, fans, and carbon filters.

Gummies - a type of soft, chewy jelly candies that come in all kinds of shapes and sizes commonly seen as small teddy bears, worms, or simple squares. Gummies are one of the most popular types of cannabis edibles. 

Hand Washing Hash - a technique in ice water extraction where cannabis flowers are agitated together with ice and water by hand, using a large spoon or paddle inside a large work bucket. Learn about hand washing vs machine washing hash here.

Hash - a cannabis concentrate that's composed mainly of trichome stalks and heads with minimal plant material. Ranges in color from blond to dark brown and can be stored in large chunks/blocks, balls, or loose granules. The most common way to extract hash is through the process of ice water extraction and using a set of bubble bags to collect various sizes of trichomes.

Hash Rosin - rosin that's extracted from hash. Hash used for rosin is usually 3-5 star bubble hash. Find out how bubble hash is rated here.

Headstash - term for cannabis that's kept for private consumption, as opposed to being sold or given away. Refers to ultra quality special reserve cannabis. 

Heat Mat - a flat rectangular mat that's wired to produce heat, which helps clones root faster. Clone trays are placed on top of heat mats to provide a bit of extra warmth to the root zone. Heat mats can also be used to cure rosin with the Jar Tech Method. Learn about Jar Tech here. 

Heating Rods - cylindrical heating elements that fit into rosin plates to generate the temperatures needed to extract rosin. Heating rods connect the temperature controller box to the rosin plates in a rosin press set up. 

Hemp - a variety of cannabis that contains only trace amounts of THC and is used primarily for seed, fiber, and CBD production. 

Hermaphrodite - a cannabis plant that exhibits both female flowers and male sex organs. It's a hybrid of a male and female plant and is not desirable in the garden, as these plants won't produce as well as female-only flowers. It's best to destroy hermaphrodite plants to avoid passing on the genetic tendency to future generations. 

High Terpene Full Spectrum Extract (HTFSE) - a type of extract that contains the highest levels of cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, representing the pinnacle of quality and potency. With a syrup-like and crystalline consistency, these extracts are thought to produce more balanced effects and therapeutic relief. 

Home Grow - a cannabis garden, either inside or outdoors, that's cultivated from home. Generally not commercial endeavors, home grows give cannabis enthusiasts the advantage of access to quality source material right from home. 

HPS Lighting - stands for high pressure sodium, these lights were the standard in cannabis grows for decades. HPS lights use more electricity, run hotter, and have a more red spectrum (warmer) light than LED lights. 

Humidity Dome - a clear plastic dome-style lid that fits on top of a tray (propagation tray) used to hold seedlings or clones. Humidity Domes help keep humidity at elevated levels, which is important for clones and seedlings to develop healthy and vigorous root systems in the least amount of time. 

Hybrid - refers to a cannabis cultivar that's been created through breeding two different cultivars together. A hybrid cannabis cultivar inherits qualities from both the male and female parents. The vast majority of cannabis cultivars on the market today are hybrids. 

Hydraulic Rosin Press - a type of rosin press that uses a pressurized oil (hydraulic) system to generate pressure for extraction. Used in conjunction with a hand pump. 

Hydroponics - a method of growing cannabis that uses water as the grow medium instead of soil. 

Hydrocarbons - solvents such as propane and butane that are used to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from cannabis material.

Hygrometer - an instrument used to measure the humidity, or amount of water vapor in the air. Humidity is an important variable to control in both the cannabis growing environment and in how cannabis source material is stored. When pressing flower rosin, the buds should be stored in glass jars prior to extraction in the 60-65% humidity range.

Ice Nucleation - a natural process that applies to fresh frozen cannabis material for making bubble hash. When water inside the cannabis freezes, it expands and bursts the plant material from the inside out. This releases chlorophyll, which can easily get into your hash if the plant material melts during processing. 

Ice Maker - great to have for washing bubble hash, a reliable ice machine is a necessary piece of equipment for your extraction lab if you're regularly producing ice water hash. Ideally, ice makers will use RO water for the highest level of purity in the extraction process.;

Ice Water Extraction - method of extracting trichome heads from cannabis material using cold water, ice, and a screen filtration system (referred to as bubble bags). Hash made with the ice water extraction method is called bubble hash and makes some of the best source material for rosin. Learn how to wash hash here.

Ice Wax - a term that refers to bubble hash that's been extracted using ice, water, and agitation to separate trichome heads from cannabis plant material. 

Indica - one of three traditional classifications of cannabis (although lacking in conclusive scientific data): sativa, indica, and ruderalis. Indica cannabis strains are generally known for sedating, heavy, full-body effects that induce sleepiness and relaxation. 

Induction Sealer - a device that secures a foil laminate seal to the inside of a closure, creating an airtight environment for everything inside the container. This is the ideal environment for the long term storage of rosin, bubble hash, and even cannabis flowers. 

Infusion - an oil-based formulation made for cooking with cannabis, infusions are preparations that involve an oil or fat-based substance (like butter or olive oil) that's been mixed with cannabis in a way that the therapeutic molecules in cannabis have fused with the oil. 

In-line Fan - common type of fan used in cannabis cultivation, inline fans are mounted inline with duct work and are most commonly used to exhaust air from inside the grow space to the outside. Inline fans ensure proper ventilation in the grow room. 

Inserts - mini dish-like containers made of quartz that rest inside of a dab nail. These inserts add a layer of separation between the concentrate and the heat source, for a more consistent distribution of heat. 

Insulators - pieces of material installed between rosin plates and the rosin press which are used to minimize heat transfer from rosin plates into the press. Insulators help with temperature accuracy and control by minimizing heat loss from the plates. 

ISO Holder - a convenient cleaning solution for dab rigs and bangers, ISO Holders, or ISO Cleaning Stations, keep cotton swabs with a small amount of isopropyl alcohol in one small and easy to use container. ISO Holders keep your cleaning supplies at the ready, so regular cleaning is quick and painless. Check out the ISO Holders from The Press Club. 

Isolates - crystalline forms of a single cannabinoid. Isolates are normally made with solvents however THCA can be isolated with solventless techniques. Check out our article about How To Make THCA Rosin here.

Isopropyl Alcohol - a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor, isopropyl alcohol contains more toxic substances than ethanol alcohol and therefore is an inferior alcohol to use in cannabis extractions. It is, however, great for cleaning tools, rigs, and other cannabis-related items that are sticky with trichome residue. 

Jam - a consistency of rosin that can be achieved by curing with heat in a sealed jar for 4-6 days, over which time the terpenes will separate from chunks of crystallized cannabinoids. The separation that occurs with crystallization looks like diamonds in a jammy-like rosin sauce. Learn more about how to cure rosin with Jar Tech here. 

Jar Tech - technique of using sealed mason jars to cure rosin after it's been extracted. There are several variations of the Jar Tech method. Learn more about Jar Tech here.

Joint Size - the measurement of the diameter of the joint on either a dab rig or nail. The most common joint sizes include 10, 14, and 19mm. 

Oil - a broad category of cannabis concentrates that includes vape oil, tinctures, BHO, or “Rick Simpson” oil. Oil can be consumed in a variety of ways, mostly either vaporized or incorporated into food or drink. 

Open Blasting - a potentially high-risk method of extracting cannabis concentrates using solvents and a glass or metal tube. Open blasting requires less extensive equipment setup than a closed-loop system. 

Organic - refers to cannabis that's been cultivated without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or other synthetic additives/treatments. Organic cannabis is grown using only materials derived from living matter. 

Oxidation - as a substance gives away electrons at an atomic level it's said to oxidize. Oxidation is not desirable in rosin, bubble hash, or source material, and is associated with a breakdown of the desirable qualities of cannabis. Oxidation happens naturally over time but can be slowed. 

Paint Roller Tech - a variation of Static Tech, Paint Roller Tech involves wrapping parchment paper around a paint roller to harness the power of static electricity in separating contaminants from trichome heads in dry sift hash production. 

Parchment Paper - cellulose-based paper lightly coated with silicone on at least one side. Parchment paper is used to collect freshly-extracted rosin as it flows through the rosin bag filter. Find the best parchment paper for rosin here.

Parts Per Million (PPM) - refers to the concentration of solubles (nutrients) in the water that you feed to cannabis plants. Following PPM guidelines from the nutrient manufacturer (and feeding less than recommended if the nutrients are not specifically designed for cannabis) will help you feed the plants the appropriate amount of nutrients. 

Pelican Case - brand of highly durable protective carrying case that's very popular for glass dab rigs and other breakable cannabis gear. 

Percolator - also referred to as a “perc” or diffuser, percolators are housed within a dab rig and help diffuse the dab vapor into smaller bubbles through the water as it filtrates, creating a smoother and cleaner smoke.  

Perforated Baking Sheet - aluminum baking sheet with a multitude of holes in the bottom, allowing for ideal airflow. These are perfect for drying hash by lining the sheet with parchment and putting the freshly made bubble hash on top of the parchment. 

Perlite - used as an additive in soil, perlite is form of volcanic glass that has low water retention and is used to help aerate the soil and prevent compaction, thereby helping proper water drainage.

Pesticides - substances or formulations used to kill or deter insects or other organisms harmful to cannabis plants. While synthetic pesticides may be effective, their presence can linger in the final cannabis product (the flowers themselves and any extracted concentrates). Organic pesticides like neem oil are best for cannabis. 

Petioles - on a cannabis plant, the stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem, and is able to twist the leaf to face the sun. 

pH - a scale of measurement used to specify the acidity of a solution. pH under 7 indicates something to be acidic, while a pH over 7 is alkaline. Cannabis plants prefer soil with a pH of 6-6.5. Read how to cultivate soil for maximum terpene expression here.

Phenotype - an individual plant's unique physical expression of its genetic code, or genotype. Every plant grown from a seed will express slightly different characteristics of its genetics, unlike cuttings (clones) taken from mature plants which will express the exact same phenotype as the parent plant. When growing from cannabis from seed a phenotype selection, or pheno hunting, is the best approach to finding a winner. Learn more here.

Photoperiod - refers to the period a cannabis plant receives light and the period it stays in darkness every day. Most cannabis plants are photoperiod-sensitive and will only start flowering when exposed to 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. Some plants are bred to flower automatically, regardless of the photoperiod, and are known as autoflowering plants. 

Physiognomy - the act of judging something by outward appearance. It can be difficult to judge the quality of cannabis by its appearance, especially in the context of washing hash. 

Phytochemicals - chemical compounds produced by plants, some of which can be poison and some of which can be medicine. The cannabis plant contains hundreds of phytochemicals including terpenes, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. 

Pillow Tech - refers to the horizontal orientation of the rosin bag between the heated plates during extraction. Pillow Tech is the traditional way of laying the loaded rosin filter bag in a flat position, as opposed to other techniques like Bottle Tech, wehre the filter bag is placed in an upright, or vertical position. 

Pinene - the terpene that gives cannabis the classic pine forest smell. This sharp-smelling terpene is known for contributing to alertness and memory retention, and can help counteract some of the disorienting effects of high THC.

Pistils - tiny hair-like organs that grow out of calyxes on cannabis flowers and are the reproductive organs of the plant. Pistils are the orange hairs seen on cannabis flowers. The presence of pistils is the very first indication that a female plant is going into the flowering phase. 

Plantlet - the small plant that grows from the explant in Tissue Culture Propagation. Plantlets look like tiny clones and will eventually reach the vegetative growth phase and then the flowering phase as mature plants. 

Platen PSI - the most important gauge of pressure for rosin extraction, this is the measurement of pounds/square inch of pressure being applied to the source material during extraction. This is not the same thing as the PSI reading on the pressure gauge of the rosin press. Learn how to calculate Platen PSI here

Pneumatic Rosin Press - a type of rosin press that uses air to generate pressure.

Powdery Mildew (PM) - a fungal disease that can quickly overcome cannabis plants if not effectively managed. PM is a common problem in cannabis gardens with high humidity, lack of airflow, or plants genetics that aren't very resistant to this disease. It appears like fine while silk or cotton on cannabis plants. 

Pre-Flipped - refers to rosin bags seams that are already flipped inside out, so that the seams are actually facing the inside of the rosin bag. The Press Club rosin bags are pre-flipped to save you the extra step of prep work. Seams on the inside of the rosin bags leads to better performance and less rosin waste. 

Pre-Press Mold - simple 3-part mold that's used to compact cannabis starting material before it's placed between rosin plates for extraction. Find quality Pre-Press Molds here.

Pre-Run - a way to think about cannabis flowers, in their unprocessed state before being run through an extraction process such as ice water extraction or pressing rosin. 

Pressure Gauge - a component of most rosin presses, pressure gauges are instruments that measure the pressure being generated internally by the press itself (e.g. the hydraulic pressure generated within a hydraulic press). Pressure gauges measure pressure in terms of pounds per square inch (PSI). Pressure gauges built into the press do not indicate how much pressure is actually being applied to the rosin filter bag during extraction. To get a true reading of the pressure applied during extraction, it's required to calculate the Platen PSI, or Bag PSI. Learn how to calculate Platen PSI here.

Processing - all of the ways that raw cannabis flowers are handled and modified after harvest. Processing includes drying, trimming, curing, making bubble hash, and pressing into rosin. 

Propagation Tray - large rectangular trays with low side walls that are used to hold cannabis clones and seedlings. Propagation trays are often used in conjunction with humidity domes. 

Propylene Glycol (PG) - a petroleum by-product. It has no odor or color and is commonly used as an additive in cannabis concentrates to make vape cartridges. Rosin cartridges are a cleaner alternative. Learn how to make rosin carts here.

Puffco - a brand of electronic, compact, portable dab rigs. Puffcos provide an easy way to enjoy solventless dabs with a pen-type device that's sleek and well-designed. 

Pull n' Snap - a term to describe the consistency of shatter, or shatter-like rosin. It can be stretched apart slowly like a taffy, but if quickly and firmly pulled tight, it snaps apart. 

Purging - the process of removing solvents from cannabis concentrates that would otherwise remain present after extraction. Purging relies on heat and a vacuum to effectively remove solvents, although purging does not remove 100% of solvents. The only way to ensure a 100% solvent-free product is to use only solventless extraction techniques. 

Pyrex - a brand of clear, low-thermal-expansion borosilicate glass used for laboratory glassware and kitchenware. 

Quartz - the ideal material for many things dab-related. Quartz is heat-resistant, durable, and maintains a great appearance even after lots of heating and cooling and use and abuse. 

Quartz Banger - a bowl-shaped dabbing "nail", quartz bangers allow for an excellent expression of the full flavor of your rosin. Quicker to heat than ceramic, yet also quicker to lose heat, quartz bangers are considered by many to be the tastiest and cleanest way to enjoy rosin. Low temperature dabs are quick and easy to enjoy with a quartz banger, and quartz holds up better to repeated heat exposure than ceramic.

Temperature Controller Box - the component of a rosin press plate system that plugs into a power source and controls the amount of heat that is generated for the rosin plates. Temperature control boxes allow the extractor to set specific temperatures, which the heating rods deliver to the rosin plates. 

Temple Ball - a mass of bubble hash rolled into a ball after drying for the purpose of long-term storage.

Terpenes - aromatic compounds produced by the cannabis plant that provide significant therapeutic value, especially in combination with various cannabinoids. Terpenes are produced in highest concentrations in trichomes. See the most common cannabis terpenes here.

Terpinolene - a terpene found in relatively small amounts in cannabis compared to other terpenes. Terpinolene has a piney, fruity, and herbal smell and it’s commonly found in nutmeg, tea tree, conifers, apples, cumin, and lilacs. The scent can be difficult to describe succinctly, because it presents a wide range of smells, but the word “fresh” comes to mind. 

Terp Pearls - small pearl-like balls of quartz that enhance dabs. Terp Pearls help to evenly distribute heat and to mix and spread rosin over the surface of the banger. Terp Pearls are placed inside the banger before taking a dab, and spin around inside the banger when paired with a carb cap. 

Terp Sauce - a cannabis concentrate that's comprised of mostly terpenes in addition to THC distillate (made with the use of solvents). 

Terroir - term used to describe the unique environmental factors that affect a crop's phenotype. Cannabis grown outdoors takes on certain qualities as a result of the ecosystem in which it's grown. Outdoor cannabis is affected by terroir while cannabis grown indoors not as much. 

Test Wash - a way to gauge how cannabis material will release resin during the ice water extraction process. By doing a quick test wash with a small amount of material, you can find out if that material will yield enough high quality hash to make it worth the while. An easy way to test wash is with a mason jar, which you can learn about in our article about test washing cannabis flowers.  

THC-A - the acidic form of THC, THC-A is not psychoactive and needs to be carboxylated in order to be felt as THC. Live cannabis plants produce THC-A, and after harvest THC-A naturally converts to THC during the drying and curing process. There is also a techniques to extract THC-A with a rosin press, creating rosin diamonds. Learn more about how to press THC-A crystals here. 

Thrips - tiny, barely-visible insects with slender bodies that can quickly infest a cannabis grow. Thrips are a common pest and they are hard to get rid of, so prevention is key. 

Tincture - an alcohol-based cannabis extract that's taken orally, normally with a dropper. 

Tissue Culture Propagation - tissue culture propagation (TC), is a technique that involves cutting small pieces of plant tissue and placing it in meticulously controlled growing environments where both roots and stems can develop. TC is like growing cannabis in a test tube. Like traditional cloning methods, it's a way to copy and preserve cannabis genetics. 

Titanium - a type of metal commonly used for dab nails, carb caps, and dabbers. Titanium can withstand very high temperatures without breaking. Look for Grade 2 titanium when shopping for the ideal for use in dabbing.  

Tolerance Break - time away from regular cannabis use, tolerance breaks give the cannabis enthusiast the chance to reset their tolerance to cannabis, reset their head space, and get back to baseline. Tolerance breaks can help enhance and amplify the cannabis experience once the break is over. 

Ton - a unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds. Rosin presses are generally indicated by the tonnage of pressure that they can generate. 

Topical - a lotion or salve that's infused with cannabis and designed to be applied to the skin. The therapeutic cannabis molecules are absorbed through the skin. Topicals will not make you high. 

Torch - a hand held device that produces the flame used to heat nails for taking dabs. 

Trichomes - tiny, transluscent outgrowths on cannabis flowers topped by glanular heads containing high concentrations of therapeutic ingredients such as THC, CBD, and terpenes. Learn more about trichomes here.

Trim - the small excess leaves that are cut away from female cannabis flowers after harvest. Trim leaves normally contain lots of trichomes and it can be used to wash bubble hash, infuse oils, make capsules, etc. 

Trim Bin - a plastic tray with high walls and an integrated screen which allows trichomes to pass through to a bottom layer as cannabis flowers are trimmed above. Trim bins are great for collecting kief while trimming cannabis flowers after harvest and before the curing process. 

Trim-Run - denotes a cannabis concentrate that was produced using trim as the source material, as opposed to nugs. Generally, Trim-Run extract quality is less than Nug-Run quality. 

Trimming Scissors - specialized shears designed for cutting away the small trim leaves around cannabis flowers with handheld precision after the plants have been harvested. 

Warm Curing - type of Jar Tech Method of curing rosin that involves applications of heat to transform the consistency of the rosin and enhance its flavor. 

Washing Hash - the process of extracting bubble hash from cannabis flowers (either fresh frozen or dried) using the ice water extraction method. Read our guide on how to wash hash here.

Water Chiller - a piece of equipment that quickly cools water, which can be helpful when washing bubble hash. 

Water Sieving - another term for Ice Water Extraction, or washing hash. 

Water Sprayer - useful to keep in the Bubble Hash Washing Room, sprayers are used to aim a stream of clean water (ideally Reverse Osmosis water) along the sides of Bubble Hash Wash Bags after the water has drained through the screens. This allows any trichomes that were stuck to the sides of the bags to wash down to the screen for collection. 

Watt - a measurement of electricity, specifically how much energy is put into a grow light. One watt is a small amount of power. Most LED grow lights pull at least 100 watts to function, some up to 1000 watts. 

Wax - term sometimes used to refer to a specific consistency of BHO cannabis concentrate. Also, a type of lipid and a diverse class of organic compounds synthesized by plants that are solid at room temperature and present in small amounts in most rosin (greater amounts in flower rosin than hash rosin). Rosin filter bags help to remove plant waxes during extraction. 

Wax Membrane - the outer layer of a trichome head that protects the oily resin inside. The quality and nature of wax membranes are determined largely by plant genetics, which impacts the way that cannabis material will perform in the ice water extraction process. 

Whipping - Using a circular stirring motion to agitate a cannabis concentrate in a way that causes a change in consistency, usually into a badder form. Hand-whipping causes a greater surface area to be exposed to air and thus can lead to sublimation of terpenes from rosin. Read more in our article about whipping rosin here.

Winterization - the process of removing fats, lipids, and waxes from cannabis concentrates in order to create a refined cannabis product. Winterization utilizes sub-zero temperatures to separate the unwanted compounds in the cannabis concentrate. 

Wooden Paddle - not an ideal tool for mixing cannabis and ice water during the hash making process. Wooden spoons can harbor contaminants that are difficult to remove and can facilitate mold/mildew growth. Use a plastic or metal paddle instead. 

Work Bag - term used to describe the 220 micron bubble bag used to wash bubble hash. 

Worm Castings - commonly used as an organic fertilizer in soil grows, worm castings are simply earthworm waste. Worm castings are especially high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. 

Zombie Hash - Bubble hash that's been extracted from a combination of Fresh Frozen (FF) material and Full Term Dried Cured (FTDC) material. This combination provides the best of both worlds: the high terpene content in FF and optimized ripeness of FTDC.